A pearl is unique in the fact that it is the only gemstone to be created from a living creature. Pearls are formed when a
foreign object such as a grain of sand penetrates the body of the mollusk. The mollusk coats the object with layers of nacre, a natural substance commonly
called mother-of-pearl, to protect itself from the foreign object. Only mollusks that produce mother-of-pearl are able to create a quality pearl. Common
examples are freshwater clams and saltwater oysters.
They are characterized by their translucence, shape, luster, and by a delicate play of surface color. The most perfect
shapes are round, or tear drop and their value increases with their size and luster. Pearls with an irregular shape are referred to as Baroque and Blister
pearls. The color of a pearl is dependent upon the type of mollusk and the environment in which it grows. Pearls range from black to white. Other colors
include cream, gray, blue, yellow, lavender, green, mauve, and champagne. Pearls can also be treated to create a wide range of colors.
One easy way to check if a pearl is genuine is to gently rub one against the teeth, only a real pearl will feel rough to
the touch. Pearls are weighed by carats (1 pearl grain = 50 milligrams = 1/4 carat) and those weighing less than 1/4 grain are called seed pearls. The
largest naturally occurring pearls are the baroque pearls; one such pearl is known to have weighed 1,860 grains.
Pearls are categorized as natural pearls (foreign particle squeezes in the shell of the mollusk by chance), cultured
pearls (the mollusk shell is opened and an irritant such as a mother-of-pearl bead is placed inside), and imitation pearls (made of glass, wax, and/or fish
scale).
Pearls have been a symbol of purity and chastity for centuries and thus, pearl jewelry is to this day a popular wedding
jewelry worn by many a bride.
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